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Chapter 2 medical literature search process
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- 1. Chapter 2 Dr. saroj suwal
- 2. What is medical literature search Why search For whom search Steps in searching Quality searching
- 3. an activity that uses professional methods for medical research papers retrieval, report and other data to improve medicine research and practice.
- 4. Literature search: Right path to the right reference
- 5. For writing thesis,review ,jornals ,reports etc For working as a research assistant For finding funding proposal or grant application For academic work as a faculty member For working as a professional researcher
- 6. Searching the literature is an essential component of the scholarly research process to conduct a quality literature search crucial for academic study and professional development to create and publish secondary analysis on a specific topic, for analysis of original research, to be able to locate the best evidence to answer clinical questions
- 7. Broad search question specificvSearch results Relevant Search results Your specific search resutl
- 8. Qualitative Studies
- 9. Searchosteoarthritis of the knee. 13,886 articles in PubMed Search RCTs on arthroscopic surgery for osteoarthritis of the knee that include placebo surgery as a control. 9 articles in PubMed SearchRCTs on arthroscopic surgery conducted in latino females with type 1 diabetes mellitus. 0 articles in PubMed
- 10. 1. Develop a search statement or question 2. Select a source 3. Choose search terms 4. Run the search 5. Apply practical screens (limits) 6. Apply methodological screens 7. Synthesize the results
- 11. WHY? To guide your review To provide you with keywords for your search To give your research precision 1. Developing search questions
- 12. “FINER” F= Feasible I= Interesting N= Novel E= Ethical R= Relevant
- 13. Broad: • What is the prevalence of hypertension in patients with diabetes mellitus? Narrow: • Does ambulatory BP readings improve detection rates for hypertension in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus? Very Narrow: • What are the attitudes of general practitioners in south china to the use of ambulatory BP readings for patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus?
- 14. Relevancy Retrieval (# of search results) Broad Questions Narrow Questions High = lots of articles Low = very few articles High = directly relevant articles Low = mostly irrelevant articles
- 15. The PICO format: P Population I Intervention or Interest area C Comparison intervention or status O Outcome
- 16. Internet Websites, search engines, news & alert services The Library Look through the list of journals and browse the text books on the shelves to find relevant ones Digital Libraries Need to use keyword searches to identify relevant articles Newspaper and magazines Text books, Guidelines, Factsheets, Databases, Reports
- 17. Primary Source-original journals Secondary Source –review articles Tertiary Source-text books
- 18. Web Sites can be very good for finding quality information including primary sources, statistical information and many more rigorously evaluate each site for quality and responsibility Because anyone can post a Web page, regardless of their expertise or intentions. Use keyword searches in Google (which indexes PDF and PostScript academic publications)
- 19. Search Engines General Web search engines : Google, AllTheWeb and Yahoo,baidu, altavista…. For research covered only in unpublished reports or news items, this might be the best method of locating that information. Among the most popular search engines are: Google http://www.google.com ,AlltheWeb http://www.alltheweb.com Yahoo http://www.yahoo.com, MSN Search http://search.msn.com Bai du Search www.baidu.com
- 20. Professional medical search engine PubMed GoPubMed Pubget eTBLAST Cochrane Reviews, The Cochrane Library Healia Medical search engines
- 21. Trip NLM Gateway Entrez, NLM's cross-database search SUMSearch
- 22. MedlinePlus by the U.S. NLM Healthfinder by the U.S. HHS Mednar Healthline Medstory
- 23. Bibliographic Databases Medicine PubMed (or Ovid MEDLINE), EMBASE, Cochrane Library Multidisciplinary Scopus Web of Science Nursing and Allied Health CINAHL Websites Associations, Organizations & Government WHO, American Diabetes Association, Canadian Diabetes Association, Health Canada, Public Health Agency Canada etc... Other “Grey Literature” ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, conference proceedings (i.e., AMA), etc...
- 24. News and Alerting Services Government Sources Press Releases, Fact Sheets, Newsletters CDC "In the News" - http://www.cdc.gov/od/oc/media/ NIH News and Events - http://www.nih.gov/news/ FDA New and Generic Drug Approval - http://www.fda.gov/cder/approval/index.htm FDA Medical Products Reporting - http://www.fda.gov/medwatch/index.html
- 25. •AMA News - http://www.ama- assn.org/public/journals/amnews/amnews.htm •Yahoo Health News - http://dailynews.yahoo.com/headlines/health/ •Reuters Health http://www.reutershealth.com
- 26. 1. Select your database 2. Break you question into concepts 3. Identify subject headings for each concept 4. Identify keywords for each concept Tips: Use a “target article” to help identify search terms Use a concept map to keep track of your terms
- 27. Database Password? High quality evidence only! NHS Evidence www.evidence.nhs.uk(no password) TRIP database www.tripdatabase.com (no password) Cochrane Library www.thecochranelibrary.com (no password) Great General Databases PubMed (Medline) www.pubmed.gov(no password) Use this version of PubMed to see reliable links to Cambridge journals or Available via NHS ATHENS Embase Available using RAVEN Login or Available using NHS ATHENS 1. Select your database Databases for literature searching
- 28. Your database will determine: 1. Your subject headings 2. Your operators (i.e., truncation symbols)
- 29. Database Subject Headings Medline MeSH EMBASE EMTREE CINAHL CINAHL Headings Cochrane Library MeSH Web of Science N/A Scopus N/A
- 30. Which concepts are contained in the question: Does ambulatory BP readings improve detection rates for hypertension in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus? 1. Hypertension 2. Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 3. Ambulatory blood pressure readings
- 31. Concept #1 Concept #2 Concept #3 Subject Headings Keywords AND AND AND OR Hypertension Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory OR OR Hypertensi$.mp. (Diabetes mellitus adj5 (type 1 OR insulin?dependent OR juvenile?onset OR sudden?onset)).mp. ((blood pressure OR BP) adj2 (monitor$ OR test$) adj5 (home OR self OR ambulatory)).mp. OR ((high OR elevated) adj2 (blood pressure OR BP)).mp. Iddm.mp.
- 32. Operator Command $ Truncation (finds alternate endings) ? Wildcard (finds alternate spellings) .mp. Mapping Alias (tells Ovid to search for your term in the Title, Abstract, Subject Headings, Table of Contents and Key Phrase Identifier fields) – useful for lit. reviews because it is broad () Parentheses control the order of search operations Adj Adjacency operator (can be followed by a number) tells Ovid terms must appear adjacent to one another AND all terms must appear in results OR any terms will appear in results Note: These are recommended operators for research lit reviews. There are many, many more operators... Use Ovid‘s Help menu to locate them.
- 33. Concept(titles , objectives) Searching using criterias and parameters Screening Synthesizing the results
- 34. Start with your first concept Search for the subject headings first Then search keywords Combine these synonymous searches with OR using your search history Repeat for your second, third, and subsequent concepts Finally, combine large search results set with Boolean operator or others
- 35. Search #2 = Search #3 = Search #4 = Search #5 = #1 OR #2 OR #3 OR #4 Search #1 = Concept 1 Search #6 = Search #7 = Search #8 = Search #9 = Concept 2 Search #10 = #6 OR #7 OR #8 OR #9 Search #11 = #5 AND #10 Results
- 36. Two kinds: practical and methodological 1. practical screening criteria Is to identify a broad range of potentially useful studies 2. methodological screening Criteria is to identify the best available studies
- 37. 1. Date of publication only studies conducted between 2005 and 2010 2. Participants of subjects only children 6 to 12 years of age 3. Publication language only materials written in English 4. Research design and methods The clinical trials, studies
- 38. some questions to ask Is the study’s research design internally & externally valid? Are the data sources used in the study reliable & valid? Are the analytical methods appropriate? (p value, cooreation, regression, hypothesis etc) Are the results meaningful in practical & statistical terms?* *Fink, A. (2005). Conducting Research Literature Reviews. London: Sage.
- 39. Apply practical screens by using “limits” (may also be called “search options”) Eg. Advance option, by date, by author ,time published etc
- 40. Locate the reference lists for selected articles* Identify new articles that have cited your articles* Identify key journals and “hand search” their issues Test your search strategy by checking to see if a few “target articles” appear in the results * Use Web of Science or Scopus or else
- 41. Export search results from each database or website into a citation manager (i.e., RefWorks) Remove duplicates Remove inappropriate studies by applying methodological screens
- 42. What conclusions did these studies reach? Which studies agreed/disagreed with the consensus? Consider using a synthesis matrix: www.ncsu.edu/tutorial_center/writespeak/download /Synthesis.pdf
- 43. 1. Describe current knowledge about your research topic 2. Support the need for and significance of new research 3. Explain research findings 4. Describe the quality of a body of research* *Fink, A. (2005). Conducting Research Literature Reviews. London: Sage.
- 44. Thanks
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Effective Medical Literature Searching
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Presentation on theme: "Effective Medical Literature Searching"— Presentation transcript:
Chapter 7 Literature Searching
An introduction to Medline (CMM2) Medical Subject Librarian Team.
Database Searching: How to Find Journal Articles? START.
Search Strategy and Information Retrieval By Rekha Gupta, NIC
Develop a search statement for searching a database? First, you need to understand what a database is and how it is compiled. Then, you can learn how to.
Introduction to Research Methods. Why do a literature search? Establish what is already known in your area of interest Numbers of previous studies Findings:
Revised January 2008 IUPUI University Library Randi L. Stocker, MLS developed for the Indiana University School of Nursing.
Searching PubMed Anne Beschnett, MLIS Bio-Medical Library
Searching PubMed. Search fields/accesses Affiliation [AD]: Harvard Medical School[ad] Author [AU]: Leon DA[au] Issue [IP]:The number of the journal.
PubMed and its search options Jan Emmerich, Sonja Jacobi, Kerstin Müller (5th Semester Library Management)
© Literature searching A literature search identifies relevant information sources that are used to answer clinical questions.
Advanced PubMed Searching for First-year PT Master Students Min-Lin E Fang, MLIS Education and Information Consultant for Nursing and Social and Behavioral.
Searching for Medicines Information New Zealand College of Pharmacists.
MODULE THREE ELECTRONIC INFORMATION SEARCHING TECHNIQUES Nancy Kamau Kenya Methodist Univeristy P.O.Box MERU, Kenya
Shelly Warwick, Ph.D – Permission is granted to reproduce and edit this work for non-commercial educational use as long as attribution is provided.
Library Class for TCM Medline & AMED. Medline MEDLINE® is the U.S. National Library of Medicine's® (NLM) premier bibliographic database that contains.
Introduction to Searching Bibliographic Databases Jennifer Lyon, M.S., M.L.I.S. Eskind Biomedical Library Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville,
Conducting systematic reviews for development of clinical guidelines 8 August 2013 Professor Mike Clarke
Systematic Reviews: Theory and Practice
Search Strategy – Scopus Margaret Vugrin, MSLS, AHIP January 1, 2015.
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- Preferences
All About Searching the Medical Literature - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
All About Searching the Medical Literature
Systematic review = a summary of the medical literature that ... maps query to medical subject headings (mesh) and presents appropriate headings ... – powerpoint ppt presentation.
- Karen Knight, M.S.L.S.
- kknight_at_virginia.edu
- Medical Education Librarian
- Claude Moore Health Sciences Library
- Three Databases of Primary Interest
- Evidence-Based Medicine Reviews
- Web of Science
- Available from the Librarys Home page under Core Resources
- Searchable through the Ovid search interface
- Composed of 3 databases
- Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
- Database of Reviews of Effects (DARE)
- ACP Journal Club
- EBMR items are reviewed for clinical relevancy and scientific validity
- Searching these databases is beneficial because the results are a useful synthesized subset of the total literature
- Can be a time-saver if you find an answer saves you from having to go to MEDLINE
- Cochrane Collaboration -International network of individuals institutions
- Review, analyze synthesize the best clinical trials available on a range of subjects
- Write systematic reviews
- Focus is on therapeutics
- Actually a part of the Cochrane Database
- Offers quality-assessed reviews in subjects where there is currently no Cochrane Review usually reviews of meta-analyses
- Prepared by the National Health Center for Reviews Dissemination University of York, England
- Selects methodologically sound clinically relevant articles from top journals
- Offers enhanced abstracts expert commentaries
- Major focus is in Internal Medicine, Family Practice, Pediatrics, Surgery, OB/GYN
- You can search all 3 EBMR databases at the same time saves time
- These databases are full-text, so remember two things
- OR together synonyms
- Example warfarin or coumadin
- Truncate to get word ending variations ()
- Example Swim ? swimming, swims, swimmers, etc.
- Produced by the National Library of Medicine
- Used to locate journal article citations
- Largest most popular international biomedical database contains over 9 million bibliographic journal article references
- Can be programmed to link to full-text if the Library has a subscription.
- National Library of Medicines database MEDLINE is available through several search interfaces
- Two most common search options are
- Ovids MEDLINE
- National Library of Medicines PubMed
- NLMs PubMed
- Citations are added daily
- Database can be searched in separate date range files or in one file (1966 to present).
- Citations in process are available in a separate file, called MEDLINE In-Process.
- A combined MEDLINE In-Process MEDLINE file is available.
- Old MEDLINE (1951-1965) is available as a separate file
- Includes in one file
- MEDLINE, citations in process, pre-1966 citations, and non-MEDLINE citations from journals selectively indexed.
- Costs the Library pays a subscription fee
- May not be available in future employment
- Freely available worldwide
- Provides a more guided process for a precise search based on Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), subheadings, and limits.
- Maps query to Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and presents appropriate headings from which to choose.
- User has control over which headings are used.
- User may also search by text word.
- Provides a single search box and automatically searches MeSH if there is a match and text words from the titles and abstracts
- User clicks on "Details" to see how PubMed translated the query.
- Users may use the separate "MeSH Browser" feature to be guided through selection of appropriate MeSH headings and subheadings.
- Kadhim, A l. Colreavy, M P. O'Donovan, C. Blayney, A.
- Bone anchored hearing aids reality, failure and current status
- Irish Medical Journal. 97(10)312-4, 2004 Nov-Dec.
- Medical Subject Headings
- Equipment and Supplies / st StandardsHearing Aids / st StandardsHumansIrelandOutcome Assessment (Health Care)Quality of LifeQuestionnaires
- Bone Anchored Hearing Aids have both cosmetic and acoustic advantages over most conventional hearing aids and hence is a popular choice today. We report the first Irish group of patients who received a BAHA over a six year period of time and evaluated outcomes of these subjects using subjective assessment. The medical records of all patients who received a BAHA at the Mater and Children's University Hospital, Dublin, were reviewed. A questionnaire had been sent to the patients to obtain long-term subjective information. Twenty three patients were identified. The commonest indication for surgery was found to be the presence of a discharging mastoid cavity, followed by congenital ear malformations. Surgical procedures were carried out as a single stage in 16 patients. truncated
- Publication Type
- Journal Article
- Offers Clinical Queries limit
- Offers Systematic reviews subject subset limit
- Offers limit to the full-text records in EBMR
- Offers "Clinical Queries" feature which filters studies on therapy, diagnosis, etiology, and prognosis for sensitivity or specificity.
- Search for systematic reviews
- Ovid MEDLINE PubMed
- Both systems contain library holdings information regarding print and non-print availablity
- Both link to full-text journals
- Ovids MEDLINE can link to MORE full-text journals at this time through the Find_at_UVa feature than can PubMed
- The same search interface is available for BIOSIS (life sciences), CINAHL (nursing and allied health), and Evidence Based Medicine Reviews (EBMR)
- Searches may be run again in different databases.
- Multiple files may be searched at one time.
- Integrated with other genetics information databases from NCBI, including BLAST, Entrez, GenBank, Molecular Modeling Database, and OMIM.
- Links to MEDLINEplus for consumer health information and NLM Gateway for books
- Ovid MEDLINE
- Citations may be emailed to one or more people through use of the Results Manager.
- User can save a search strategy for future use
- Searches can be saved as Auto Alerts that will email you new results whenever the database is updated
- Use My NCBI to
- Save searches
- Set up e-mail alerts for new content
- New feature called Find Similar. Not ready for prime time not working well!
- Find Citation feature
- Ability to move citation directly into ILLiad
- Related Article. Feature works great
- Citation Matcher feature
- No ability to link with the ILLiad system
- Once known as Science Citation Index
- Multidisciplinary in coverage
- Social Sciences
- Life Sciences
- Unique feature is cited reference searching
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Literature searching
Literature searching. A literature search identifies relevant information sources that are used to answer clinical questions . The objective of literature searches. Primarily to find journal articles Other useful sources:
- Flint Roger
- specific information
- j manipulative physiol ther
- book chapters
- full text articles
- specific databases
- More by User
Presentation Transcript
Literature searching A literature search identifies relevant information sources that are used to answer clinical questions
The objective of literature searches • Primarily to find journal articles • Other useful sources: • Books, conference proceedings, book chapters, theses, government documents, and websites Evidence-based Chiropractic
Defined searches are a must • Because of the vastness of some databases, searching can be a daunting task • e.g., PubMed lists 4,800 biomedical journals • More than 15 million citations • Vague searches may produce an unmanageable number of articles • Searching PubMed for “headache” 37,147 Evidence-based Chiropractic
Search and retrieval systems • Databases can be searched quickly and easily when focused search strategies are utilized • The best results occur when the search is carefully planned in advance • Less likely to miss important articles • A great deal of time can be saved Evidence-based Chiropractic
Databases • A database is a collection of data that is organized in such a way that it is quick and easy to search for and retrieve specific information using a computer • Databases used in EBP contain bibliographic data from journal articles, books, reviews, etc. • Can be accessed from a remote source using an Internet connection Evidence-based Chiropractic
Databases are organized • Fields • Single bits of information • e.g., title, author, journal name etc. • Records • Collections of fields • e.g., the complete citation • Files • Groups of records Evidence-based Chiropractic
Example PubMed record Authors Title of article Lisi AJ, Cooperstein R, Morschhauser E. An exploratory study of provocation testing with padded wedges: can prone blocking demonstrate a directional preference? J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2004 Feb 27 (2) 103-8 Name of journal Year & month Volume Issue Pages Evidence-based Chiropractic
To search a database • Enter specific terms that correspond to any of the fields in a record • Author names • Words found in the title • The journal’s volume and issue numbers • Most databases also permit text word searches that look for terms used in the abstract or list of key words Evidence-based Chiropractic
Narrow down the search • Enter combinations field items • For instance • A PubMed search using the term “low-back” produces more than 12,500 citations • When “low-back” is combined with “treatment,” 7,869 citations result • When both terms are combined with “manipulation,” the search results are narrowed down to 508 citations Evidence-based Chiropractic
Databases essential to EBP • There are numerous databases to choose from • Each database has a specific emphasis • Consequently one must be familiar with several of them to perform a complete search • Especially pertaining to chiropractic • The following are of interest to chiropractic and CAM practitioners Evidence-based Chiropractic
PubMed • Includes over 15 million citations • Citations are from MEDLINE and additional life science journals • MEDLINE alone has nearly 13 million records from 1966 to the present. • Includes links to many full text articles and other related resources • http://PubMed.gov Evidence-based Chiropractic
Evidence-based Chiropractic
Index Medicus • The online counterpart of Index medicus is MEDLINE • Vol. 41, 2000 was the last printed edition of Index medicus • Is an extensive list of journals that is compiled by the National Library of Medicine (4,959 listed in 2006) • PubMed provides free Internet access to this vast collection of information Evidence-based Chiropractic
CAM on PubMed • Searches the PubMed database to locate CAM-related citations • Can be accessed from PubMed by choosing “Limits” and then “Complementary Medicine” from the “Subsets” menu • There are over 270,000 citations in the PubMed CAM subset • http://www.nlm.nih.gov/nccam/camonpubmed.html Evidence-based Chiropractic
To get to CAM on PubMed Select Select Evidence-based Chiropractic
Manual Alternative and Natural Therapy Index System (MANTIS) • Addresses all areas of alternative medical literature • References from more than 1,400 journals • The largest index of peer reviewed articles for several disciplines including • Chiropractic, osteopathy, homeopathy, and manual medicine • http://www.healthindex.com Evidence-based Chiropractic
Index to Chiropractic Literature (ICL) • Indexes all chiropractic peer-reviewed journals cover-to-cover, and others topically • ICL is indexed by the Chiropractic Library Consortium, which is a group of health science librarians from chiropractic colleges throughout the world • http://www.chiroindex.org Evidence-based Chiropractic
Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health (CINAHL) • Covers nursing and allied health literature from 1982 to the present • Includes citations from 2,593 journals • Also covers biomedicine, alternative and complementary medicine, consumer health and health sciences librarianship • http://www.cinahl.com Evidence-based Chiropractic
AMED • Includes resources in three subject areas • 1) Several professions allied to medicine • 2) Complementary medicine • 3) Palliative care • AMED covers articles from about 596 journals, many not indexed by other sources • http://www.bl.uk/collections/health/amed.html Evidence-based Chiropractic
The Cochrane Library • Consists of eight evidence-based databases that deal with the effects of health care interventions • Provides regularly updated information and evidence to support health care decisions • Cochrane systematic reviews are full text • http://www.thecochranelibrary.org Evidence-based Chiropractic
The Cochrane databases Evidence-based Chiropractic
Multiple database searches • It is usually necessary to search more than one database in order to cover an EBC topic adequately • PubMed has limited coverage of chiropractic journals • However, many relevant articles are found in journals that are not indexed in the chiropractic specific databases (i.e., MANTIS and ICL) Evidence-based Chiropractic
Obtaining copies of articles • Databases sometimes provide links to full-text articles • They typically only generate the article’s citation, including abstract • Copies of the full-text can be ordered directly from the publisher or obtained from a biomedical library Evidence-based Chiropractic
Loansome Doc • Available through PubMed • Articles can be ordered within the PubMed website • Articles are delivered through a nearby DOCLINE library • Must first establish with a relationship with a DOCLINE library • http://www.nlm.nih.gov/loansomedoc/loansome_home.html Evidence-based Chiropractic
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The two types of literature are written and oral. Written literature includes novels and poetry. It also has subsections of prose, fiction, myths, novels and short stories. Oral literature includes folklore, ballads, myths and fables.
Bibliographic Databases Medicine PubMed (or Ovid MEDLINE), EMBASE, Cochrane Library Multidisciplinary Scopus Web of Science
Prof Dr Sharmini Selvarajah and Ms Chun Geok Ying for preparation of the core contents of this presentation. Literature review. What it is; Scientific account
3 Reasons for Searching the Medical Literature To answer a specific patient case-related question (clinical practice) To learn more about a medical topic
How to Conduct a Literature Search. Dr Rufaidah Al Dabbagh, MBBS, DrPH Dr Hani Al Gamdi, MBBS, MPH. Family & Community Medicine Department. Outline.
A free PowerPoint PPT presentation (displayed as an HTML5 slide show) on PowerShow.com
Topics can be searched by clinical study categories (e.g., therapy, diagnosis, prognosis, etc.) Or to only search for systematic reviews. PubMed sidebar (cont.).
A literature search identifies relevant information sources that ... an unmanageable number of articles • Searching PubMed for “headache”
PubMed (Medline) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed.
MS 640: Introduction to Biomedical Information. Research Tips; RefWorks/EndNote. How To Write A Literature Review.
Formulate a focused question; Turn a focused question into a search; Search TRIP & PubMed; Run an Advanced search on PubMed; Cochrane Library.
Critically appraise the literature for validity and applicability. Apply the evidence to your patient. 5. Evaluate your performance. Translating Clinical Case